MN 88 (M ii 112)
Bāhitikā Sutta
{excerpt}
— The cloak —
[bāhitikā]

The King Pasenadi of Kosala is eager to understand what is recommended or not by wise ascetics and brahmans, and he asks series of questions to Ānanda which allow us a better grasp of the meaning of the words kusala (wholesome) and akusala (unwholesome).



Note: info·bubbles on "underdotted" English words


Pāḷi


English




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– Katamo pana, bhante ānanda, kāya·samācāro opārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī·ti?

– And what type of bodily conduct, Bhante Ānanda, is censured by wise ascetics and brahmans?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, kāya·samācāro akusalo.

– Any bodily conduct, Maharaja, which is unwholesome.

– Katamo pana, bhante, kāya·samācāro akusalo?

– And what type of bodily conduct, Bhante, is unwholesome?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, kāya·samācāro sāvajjo.

– Any bodily conduct, Maharaja, which is blameworthy.

– Katamo pana, bhante, kāya·samācāro sāvajjo?

– And what type of bodily conduct, Bhante, is blameworthy?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, kāya·samācāro sabyāpajjho.

– Any bodily conduct, Maharaja, which is troublesome.

– Katamo pana, bhante, kāya·samācāro sabyābajjho?

– And what type of bodily conduct, Bhante, is troublesome?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, kāya·samācāro dukkha·vipāko.

– Any bodily conduct, Maharaja, which results in suffering.

– Katamo pana, bhante, kāya·samācāro dukkha·vipāko?

– And what type of bodily conduct, Bhante, results in suffering?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, kāya·samācāro atta·byābādhāya·pi saṃvattati, para·byābādhāya·pi saṃvattati, ubhaya·byābādhāya·pi saṃvattati tassa akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti: evarūpo kho, mahārāja, kāya·samācāro opārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī·ti.


– Any bodily conduct, Maharaja, which leads to one's own harm, leads to others' harm, leads to the harm of both, and due to which unwholesome states increase and wholesome states decrease: such bodily conduct, Maharaja, is censured by wise ascetics and brahmans.


– Katamo pana, bhante ānanda, vacī·samācāro opārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī·ti?

– And what type of verbal conduct, Bhante Ānanda, is censured by wise ascetics and brahmans?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, vacī·samācāro akusalo.

– Any verbal conduct, Maharaja, which is unwholesome.

– Katamo pana, bhante, vacī·samācāro akusalo?

– And what type of verbal conduct, Bhante, is unwholesome?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, vacī·samācāro sāvajjo.

– Any verbal conduct, Maharaja, which is blameworthy.

– Katamo pana, bhante, vacī·samācāro sāvajjo?

– And what type of verbal conduct, Bhante, is blameworthy?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, vacī·samācāro sabyāpajjho.

– Any verbal conduct, Maharaja, which is troublesome.

– Katamo pana, bhante, vacī·samācāro sabyābajjho?

– And what type of verbal conduct, Bhante, is troublesome?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, vacī·samācāro dukkha·vipāko.

– Any verbal conduct, Maharaja, which results in suffering.

– Katamo pana, bhante, vacī·samācāro dukkha·vipāko?

– And what type of verbal conduct, Bhante, results in suffering?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, vacī·samācāro atta·byābādhāya·pi saṃvattati, para·byābādhāya·pi saṃvattati, ubhaya·byābādhāya·pi saṃvattati tassa akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti: evarūpo kho, mahārāja, vacī·samācāro opārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī·ti.


– Any verbal conduct, Maharaja, which leads to one's own harm, leads to others' harm, leads to the harm of both, and due to which unwholesome states increase and wholesome states decrease: such verbal conduct, Maharaja, is censured by wise ascetics and brahmans.


– Katamo pana, bhante ānanda, mano·samācāro opārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī·ti?

– And what type of mental conduct, Bhante Ānanda, is censured by wise ascetics and brahmans?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, mano·samācāro akusalo.

– Any mental conduct, Maharaja, which is unwholesome.

– Katamo pana, bhante, mano·samācāro akusalo?

– And what type of mental conduct, Bhante, is unwholesome?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, mano·samācāro sāvajjo.

– Any mental conduct, Maharaja, which is blameworthy.

– Katamo pana, bhante, mano·samācāro sāvajjo?

– And what type of mental conduct, Bhante, is blameworthy?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, mano·samācāro sabyāpajjho.

– Any mental conduct, Maharaja, which is troublesome.

– Katamo pana, bhante, mano·samācāro sabyābajjho?

– And what type of mental conduct, Bhante, is troublesome?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, mano·samācāro dukkha·vipāko.

– Any mental conduct, Maharaja, which results in suffering.

– Katamo pana, bhante, mano·samācāro dukkha·vipāko?

– And what type of mental conduct, Bhante, results in suffering?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, mano·samācāro atta·byābādhāya·pi saṃvattati, para·byābādhāya·pi saṃvattati, ubhaya·byābādhāya·pi saṃvattati tassa akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti: evarūpo kho, mahārāja, mano·samācāro opārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī·ti.

– Any mental conduct, Maharaja, which leads to one's own harm, leads to others' harm, leads to the harm of both, and due to which unwholesome states increase and wholesome states decrease: such mental conduct, Maharaja, is censured by wise ascetics and brahmans.

– Kiṃ nu kho, bhante ānanda, so bhagavā sabbesaṃyeva akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānaṃ vaṇṇetī·ti?

– Is it, Bhante Ānanda, that the Bhagavā recommends the abandoning of all such unwholesome states?

– Sabb·ākusala·dhamma·pahīno kho, mahārāja, tathāgato kusala·dhamma·samannāgato·ti.



– The Tathāgata, Maharaja, has abandoned all unwholesome states, and he is endowed [only] with wholesome states.



– Katamo pana, bhante ānanda, kāya·samācāro anopārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī·ti?

– And what type of bodily conduct, Bhante Ānanda, is uncensured by wise ascetics and brahmans?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, kāya·samācāro kusalo.

– Any bodily conduct, Maharaja, which is wholesome.

– Katamo pana, bhante, kāya·samācāro kusalo?

– And what type of bodily conduct, Bhante, is wholesome?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, kāya·samācāro anavajjo.

– Any bodily conduct, Maharaja, which is blameless.

– Katamo pana, bhante, kāya·samācāro anavajjo?

– And what type of bodily conduct, Bhante, is blameless?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, kāya·samācāro abyābajjho.

– Any bodily conduct, Maharaja, which is untroublesome.

– Katamo pana, bhante, kāya·samācāro abyābajjho?

– And what type of bodily conduct, Bhante, is untroublesome?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, kāya·samācāro sukha·vipāko.

– Any bodily conduct, Maharaja, which results in well-being.

– Katamo pana, bhante, kāya·samācāro sukha·vipāko?

– And what type of bodily conduct, Bhante, results in well-being?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, kāya·samācāro nev·atta·byābādhāya·pi saṃvattati, na para·byābādhāya·pi saṃvattati, na ubhaya·byābādhāya·pi saṃvattati tassa akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti; evarūpo kho, mahārāja, kāya·samācāro anopārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī·ti.


– Any bodily conduct, Maharaja, which leads neither to one's own harm, nor to others' harm, nor to the harm of both, and due to which unwholesome states decrease and wholesome states increase: such bodily conduct, Maharaja, is uncensured by wise ascetics and brahmans.


– Katamo pana, bhante ānanda, vacī·samācāro anopārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī·ti?

– And what type of verbal conduct, Bhante Ānanda, is uncensured by wise ascetics and brahmans?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, vacī·samācāro kusalo.

– Any verbal conduct, Maharaja, which is wholesome.

– Katamo pana, bhante, vacī·samācāro kusalo?

– And what type of verbal conduct, Bhante, is wholesome?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, vacī·samācāro anavajjo.

– Any verbal conduct, Maharaja, which is blameless.

– Katamo pana, bhante, vacī·samācāro anavajjo?

– And what type of verbal conduct, Bhante, is blameless?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, vacī·samācāro abyābajjho.

– Any verbal conduct, Maharaja, which is untroublesome.

– Katamo pana, bhante, vacī·samācāro abyābajjho?

– And what type of verbal conduct, Bhante, is untroublesome?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, vacī·samācāro sukha·vipāko.

– Any verbal conduct, Maharaja, which results in well-being.

– Katamo pana, bhante, vacī·samācāro sukha·vipāko?

– And what type of verbal conduct, Bhante, results in well-being?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, vacī·samācāro nev·atta·byābādhāya·pi saṃvattati, na para·byābādhāya·pi saṃvattati, na ubhaya·byābādhāya·pi saṃvattati tassa akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti; evarūpo kho, mahārāja, vacī·samācāro anopārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī·ti.


– Any verbal conduct, Maharaja, which leads neither to one's own harm, nor to others' harm, nor to the harm of both, and due to which unwholesome states decrease and wholesome states increase: such verbal conduct, Maharaja, is uncensured by wise ascetics and brahmans.


– Katamo pana, bhante ānanda, mano·samācāro anopārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī·ti?

– And what type of mental conduct, Bhante Ānanda, is uncensured by wise ascetics and brahmans?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, mano·samācāro kusalo.

– Any mental conduct, Maharaja, which is wholesome.

– Katamo pana, bhante, mano·samācāro kusalo?

– And what type of mental conduct, Bhante, is wholesome?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, mano·samācāro anavajjo.

– Any mental conduct, Maharaja, which is blameless.

– Katamo pana, bhante, mano·samācāro anavajjo?

– And what type of mental conduct, Bhante, is blameless?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, mano·samācāro abyābajjho.

– Any mental conduct, Maharaja, which is untroublesome.

– Katamo pana, bhante, mano·samācāro abyābajjho?

– And what type of mental conduct, Bhante, is untroublesome?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, mano·samācāro sukha·vipāko.

– Any mental conduct, Maharaja, which results in well-being.

– Katamo pana, bhante, mano·samācāro sukha·vipāko?

– And what type of mental conduct, Bhante, results in well-being?

– Yo kho, mahārāja, mano·samācāro nev·atta·byābādhāya·pi saṃvattati, na para·byābādhāya·pi saṃvattati, na ubhaya·byābādhāya·pi saṃvattati tassa akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti; evarūpo kho, mahārāja, mano·samācāro anopārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī·ti.

– Any mental conduct, Maharaja, which leads neither to one's own harm, nor to others' harm, nor to the harm of both, and due to which unwholesome states decrease and wholesome states increase: such mental conduct, Maharaja, is uncensured by wise ascetics and brahmans.

– Kiṃ pana, bhante ānanda, so bhagavā sabbesaṃyeva kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadaṃ vaṇṇetī·ti?

– Is it, Bhante Ānanda, that the Bhagavā recommends the undertaking of all such wholesome states?

– Sabb·ākusala·dhamma·pahīno kho, mahārāja, tathāgato kusala·dhamma·samannāgato·ti.

– The Tathāgata, Maharaja, has abandoned all unwholesome states, and he is endowed [only] with wholesome states.

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